Understand the assessment

What affects home loan borrowing capacity?

Borrowing capacity is shaped by more than income. Lenders also consider commitments, living expenses, the proposed loan and their own assessment policies.

A borrowing estimate is a starting point, not an approval. Two lenders can assess the same information differently, and a maximum figure may not reflect a comfortable household budget.

Income and employment

Lenders assess the amount, source, consistency and likely continuation of income. Base salary may be treated differently from overtime, commission, bonuses, allowances, casual work, rental income or business earnings. A new role or probation period can also affect what evidence is required.

Self-employed income is commonly assessed using business and personal financial information over a required period. The calculation can vary with business structure, recent performance and lender policy.

Debts, limits and dependants

  • Existing home, investment, vehicle and personal loans
  • Credit card limits, even when the balance is repaid
  • Buy-now-pay-later and other credit facilities
  • HECS-HELP or other study loan obligations
  • Child support and recurring commitments
  • Number and ages of dependants

Closing an unused facility may change an assessment, but do not make changes solely for an application without considering access to funds and broader needs.

Living expenses and financial resilience

Lenders ask for realistic household expenses and may compare the information with benchmarks. Housing, food, transport, insurance, education, childcare, medical costs, subscriptions and discretionary spending all form part of the picture.

A household should also consider whether repayments would remain manageable if costs rise or income changes. Borrowing the maximum available is not automatically the right decision.

Loan amount, term and assessment settings

The proposed term, repayment type, interest-rate assumptions, existing property debt and deposit can all affect the result. Lenders generally test repayments at a higher assessment rate than the actual offered rate to allow for a buffer.

Property type and location can influence the acceptable loan-to-value ratio or valuation approach. A strong borrowing estimate does not remove the need for the property to meet lender criteria.

How to prepare for a borrowing discussion

  • Gather current income evidence
  • List every debt and credit limit accurately
  • Review recent household spending
  • Confirm deposit funds and likely purchase costs
  • Identify expected changes to work, income or expenses
  • Set a repayment level that feels sustainable, not only a target purchase price

For an independent repayment estimate, use the Australian Government's Moneysmart mortgage calculator.

General information only. Borrowing capacity varies by lender, loan and individual circumstances. An estimate is not an approval and should not replace personal budgeting or appropriate professional advice.

Continue with the Home loan pre-approval guide, return to the Guide hub, or book a consultation.

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